Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchai Yojana
The Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchai Yojana (PMKSY) is an initiative by the Government of India, launched in 2015, aimed at improving irrigation facilities, increasing agricultural productivity, and enhancing water use efficiency in the country. The main goal of this scheme is to ensure that every field has access to water, thus increasing the coverage of irrigated land.
Objectives
1. Har Khet Ko Pani: Providing irrigation to every field to increase productivity and income for farmers.
2. More Crop Per Drop: Focusing on efficient water use in farming practices through the adoption of water-saving technologies like drip irrigation and sprinkler systems.
3. Integrated Watershed Management: Improving water harvesting, soil conservation, and efficient management of rain-fed agricultural areas.
4. Accelerated Irrigation Benefits Program (AIBP): Completing long-pending irrigation projects to increase water accessibility in drought-prone areas.
Key Components
1. Accelerated Irrigation Benefit Program (AIBP): To expedite large-scale irrigation projects.
2. Har Khet Ko Pani: Promotes irrigation expansion to cover more farmlands.
3. Per Drop More Crop: Encourages micro-irrigation techniques such as drip and sprinkler systems to optimize water use.
4. Watershed Development: Enhances soil and water conservation in rain-fed agricultural regions.
Funding Pattern
PMKSY is a centrally sponsored scheme, meaning it receives funding from both the central and state governments. The scheme is implemented through collaboration among various ministries, including the Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Rural Development, and Ministry of Water Resources.
Benefits of PMKSY
Increased Agricultural Productivity: By ensuring adequate water for crops, PMKSY supports better crop yields and higher income for farmers.
Water Conservation: The scheme emphasizes the efficient use of water, helping conserve this critical resource.
Employment Opportunities: Increased agricultural productivity and expanded irrigation coverage generate rural employment opportunities.
Achievements
Since its launch, PMKSY has contributed to improving irrigation infrastructure across India, completed various projects, and increased the area under micro-irrigation.
Atal Bhujal Yojana
The Atal Bhujal Yojana (Atal Jal) is a central government scheme in India, launched in December 2019, focusing on sustainable groundwater management and promoting efficient water usage practices. Named in honor of former Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee, this scheme aims to address the issue of groundwater depletion, which is a significant challenge in many parts of India, where water levels are declining due to over-extraction and climate change effects.
Objectives of Atal Bhujal Yojana
1. Sustainable Groundwater Management: Promote the efficient use of groundwater resources, preventing over-extraction and depletion.
2. Community Participation: Empower local communities to manage groundwater resources, involving them in decision-making and water budgeting.
3. Improving Groundwater Data: Enhance the accuracy of groundwater data by improving monitoring systems, ensuring better planning and management.
4. Increase Water Security: Ensuring the availability of clean and sufficient water, especially in drought-prone and water-stressed areas.
5. Agricultural Practices: Encourage water-efficient practices in agriculture to reduce dependency on groundwater.
Key Features of Atal Bhujal Yojana
1. Implementation in Water-Stressed Areas: Atal Bhujal Yojana is implemented in seven states—Gujarat, Haryana, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, and Uttar Pradesh—where groundwater resources are especially critical.
2. Community-Driven Approach: Communities are involved in assessing their groundwater resources and making collective decisions on groundwater management.
3. Water Conservation Strategies: The scheme promotes various water-saving methods, including rainwater harvesting, improved irrigation practices, and crop diversification.
4. Groundwater Monitoring and Management Plans: Each participating village develops a water management plan that includes goals for reducing water usage and improving groundwater recharge.
Funding and Management
Atal Bhujal Yojana is a World Bank-assisted scheme with a budget of approximately Rs. 6,000 crore, where the World Bank provides half of the funding, and the rest comes from the Government of India. The scheme is managed by the Ministry of Jal Shakti and is planned to be implemented over five years.
Benefits of Atal Bhujal Yojana
Groundwater Conservation: Encourages communities to protect and conserve groundwater through responsible use.
Agricultural Productivity: By promoting water-efficient practices, the scheme aims to maintain groundwater levels, which is crucial for agriculture.
Drought Mitigation: With improved groundwater levels, communities are better prepared to face periods of drought.
Environmental Sustainability: Sustainable groundwater management protects ecosystems and enhances long-term water security.
Achievements and Progress
Since its inception, Atal Bhujal Yojana has fostered awareness among communities regarding groundwater resources and improved water management practices. It has also supported data collection initiatives to better understand groundwater levels, and it has encouraged the development of water budgets for sustainable future usage.
The scheme is a proactive step toward ensuring India’s water security, particularly in rural areas, where agriculture heavily relies on groundwater. Through community involvement and sustainable practices, Atal Bhujal Yojana aimst to make a lasting impact on India’s water resources.
G-20
The G20 (Group of Twenty) is an international forum that brings together the world's major economies to discuss and address global economic issues. It was established in 1999 in response to financial crises that highlighted the need for stronger international economic cooperation. The G20 includes both developed and developing nations, representing about 85% of the global GDP, over 75% of global trade, and nearly two-thirds of the world’s population.
Members of the G20
The G20 consists of 19 countries and the European Union. The members are:
1. Argentina
2. Australia
3. Brazil
4. Canada
5. China
6. France
7. Germany
8. India
9. Indonesia
10. Italy
11. Japan
12. Mexico
13. Russia
14. Saudi Arabia
15. South Africa
16. South Korea
17. Turkey
18. United Kingdom
19. United States
20. European Union (EU)
Objectives of the G-20
The main objectives of the G20 include:
1. Promoting International Financial Stability: Addressing economic challenges and working together to ensure stable, sustainable growth globally.
2. Enhancing Global Trade: Promoting open and fair trade, removing barriers, and ensuring a balanced global trading environment.
3. Supporting Sustainable Development: Focusing on climate change, energy security, and sustainable development, the G20 aims to create policies that are economically viable and environmentally sound.
4. Addressing Global Challenges: Discussing issues such as poverty, healthcare, food security, digital transformation, and more recently, pandemic preparedness.
Structure and Functioning
The G20 does not have a permanent headquarters or secretariat. Instead, it operates as a forum for dialogue among its members.
Each year, a different member country assumes the G20 presidency and hosts the annual G20 Summit, where leaders gather to discuss key global issues. The presidency country sets the agenda, organizes ministerial meetings, and coordinates activities for the year.
Key Meetings and Working Groups
1. G20 Leaders' Summit: This is the main annual meeting where heads of state and government come together to discuss and finalize action points.
2. Ministerial Meetings: Throughout the year, finance ministers, central bank governors, and other ministers meet to discuss specific policy areas.
3. Working Groups: The G20 has various working groups focused on issues like trade, investment, employment, climate change, and digital economy.
Recent Focus Areas
In recent years, the G20 has focused on:
COVID-19 Response: Coordinating economic recovery measures, ensuring vaccine distribution, and supporting global health systems.
Climate Action: Addressing climate change with commitments to reduce emissions, increase renewable energy, and promote sustainable development.
Digital Transformation: Encouraging digital innovation, fair taxation of digital businesses, and addressing cybersecurity risks.
Inclusive Growth: Promoting social inclusion, gender equality, and reducing inequalities within and between countries.
G20 Presidency and Host Countries
Each year, a different member country holds the G20 presidency, setting the agenda and hosting the G20 Leaders' Summit. In 2023, India held the G20 presidency, with a focus on themes like "Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam" (One Earth, One Family, One Future), emphasizing global unity, sustainable development, and resilience.
Achievements and Challenges
The G20 has been instrumental in coordinating global economic responses to major crises, including the 2008 financial crisis and COVID-19 pandemic. However, challenges remain, such as balancing the diverse interests of member countries, addressing climate change commitments, and dealing with geopolitical tensions.
The G20 continues to play a critical role in fostering international economic cooperation and addressing global issues, with its influence ext
ending across multiple domains beyond economic policy, including environmental sustainability, health, and social equality.
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